Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 24 (IBM). The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare pre- and postvaccination semen parameters. After calculating data distribution on normality test, medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) were reported for all variables. 4 Individuals with oligospermia (sperm concentration <15 million/mL) were included. Semen analyses were performed by trained andrologists per World Health Organization guidelines and included semen volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and total motile sperm count (TMSC). Participants provided a semen sample after 2 to 7 days of abstinence, prior to receiving the first vaccine dose and approximately 70 days after the second. Those with COVID-19 symptoms or a positive test result within 90 days were excluded.

Men were prescreened to ensure they had no underlying fertility issues. The University of Miami institutional review board approved the study and written informed consent was obtained from all participants. This single-center prospective study at the University of Miami recruited healthy volunteers aged 18 to 50 years scheduled for mRNA COVID-19 vaccination through flyers posted throughout the university hospital and internal list-serve emails. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.

Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.

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